Critical SQL Injection in Crypto Key Re-encryption Logic – SAST
як Сервіс: Static Application Security Testing (SAST)
Industry: E-commerce
Region: United States
Background
A serious flaw in the backend system of an e-commerce platform that handles consumer transactions and digital assets was discovered during a security examination. The function that encrypts wallet keys required to process transactions was vulnerable. Insufficient input validation allowed attackers to include harmful SQL code into the system and exploit the database for whatever purposes. By allowing attackers to change or delete private transaction data, the flaw might have disrupted services and tarnished user confidence.
Серйозність: Високий
CVSS Score: 8.1 (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H)
Affected Module: Crypto Chain Key Re-encryption
Exploit Complexity: Moderate
Discovery — Reproducing the SQL Injection
The flaw was found when reviewing the source code for the re-encryption of blockchain keys. The code used a database URL as input for SQL queries without properly sanitizing the data. Here’s a simplified version of the vulnerable code:
func ParseMariaDBURL(mariaDBURL string) (*domain.MariaDBConfig, error) {
dbURL, err := url.Parse(mariaDBURL)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
var key string
err = addressesRows.Scan(&address, &key) // Unsanitized input
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return &domain.MariaDBConfig{DBURL: dbURL.String(), Key: key}, nil
}
An attacker could exploit this vulnerability by manipulating the input to inject a malicious SQL payload. For example:
mariaDBURL="mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/mydb; DROP TABLE users; --"
This would allow the attacker to execute the SQL command and potentially destroy important data, such as user records.
Test Flow:
Identify the method handling user input and the SQL query.
Inject a SQL payload into the vulnerable parameter (
mariaDBURL).Send the payload to the application, either through its API or internal service.
Observe the execution of the query and its effects (e.g., deleting a database table).
Confirm successful exploitation by checking the database for the changes.
Technical Root Cause
The core problem was the improper handling of user input before inserting it into SQL queries. The system trusted unsanitized input, which allowed attackers to inject arbitrary SQL commands directly into the database. This weakness resulted from the application using SQL statements with raw user inputs, so breaching safe coding standards.
Using prepared statements or parameterized searches—which divide the data from executable SQL code and stop injection attacks—would be a safe strategy.
The code ought to have been securely penned like this:
stmt, err := db.Prepare("SELECT address, key FROM users WHERE user_id = ?")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
err = stmt.QueryRow(userID).Scan(&address, &key)
Real-World Risks
Data Breach: Attackers could gain unauthorized access to sensitive user data stored in the database.
Data Corruption: SQL injection could corrupt crucial data, causing application failures or loss of information.
Підвищення привілеїв: Attackers might exploit this vulnerability to escalate their privileges and gain unauthorized access to other parts of the system.
Service Disruption: Attackers could delete or alter essential database tables, causing the platform to experience downtime or rendering data inaccessible.
з кібербезпеки
Use Parameterized Queries: Replace dynamic SQL queries with prepared statements to eliminate the risk of SQL injection.
Sanitize User Inputs: Always validate and sanitize user input before using it in SQL queries.
Adopt ORM Libraries: Use Object-Relational Mapping (ORM) tools, which automatically handle input sanitization and provide extra security layers.
Conduct Regular Security Audits: Continuously assess security, particularly focusing on database interactions and how user input is handled.
Висновок
Still one of the most dangerous weaknesses in programs handling private user data and financial transactions is SQL injection. The necessity of avoiding directly running user input as part of a database query is illustrated by this example. You can significantly lower this risk and safeguard its users and systems with the use of prepared statements and secure coding techniques.
All identifiers, domains, and user data in this case study have been anonymized to preserve client confidentiality.
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